Karen E. Lynch
Specialist in Social Policy
The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) provides subsidies to assist low-income families in obtaining child care so that parents can work or participate in education or training activities. Discretionary funding for this program is authorized by the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (as amended), which is currently due for reauthorization. Mandatory funding for child care subsidies authorized in Section 418 of the Social Security Act (sometimes referred to as the “Child Care Entitlement to States”) is also due for reauthorization. In combination, these two funding streams are commonly referred to as the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF). The CCDF is the primary source of federal funding dedicated solely to child care subsidies for low-income working and welfare families.
The CCDF is administered by the Office of Child Care at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and provides block grants to states, according to a formula, which are used to subsidize the child care expenses of working families with children under age 13. In addition to providing funding for child care services, funds are also used for activities intended to improve the overall quality and supply of child care for families in general.
Discretionary child care funds are subject to the annual appropriations process. Full-year appropriations for FY2013 have yet to be enacted. However, a six-month government-wide continuing resolution (CR) for FY2013 (H.J.Res. 117) was signed into law on September 28, 2012 (P.L. 112-175). The CR generally maintains funding for discretionary programs at their FY2012 levels, increased by 0.612%. (In FY2012, the discretionary CCDBG was funded at $2.278 billion, per P.L. 112-74.) Prior to the enactment of the CR, both chambers had initiated action on FY2013 appropriations bills for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). Both the Senate Appropriations Committeereported bill (S. 3295, S.Rept. 112-176) and the draft bill approved by the House Appropriations L-HHS-ED Subcommittee called for increases in discretionary CCDBG funding for FY2013. The Senate committee-reported bill called for $2.438 billion (+7% from FY2012) in discretionary CCDBG funds for FY2013, while the House subcommittee-approved bill called for $2.303 billion (+1% from FY2012).
Mandatory child care funds are not typically included in annual appropriation bills. Mandatory funds were directly appropriated (or pre-appropriated) for fiscal years 1997 through 2002 by the 1996 welfare reform law (P.L. 104-193), which created the mandatory component of the CCDF. Temporary extensions provided mandatory CCDF funding into FY2006. On February 8, 2006, a budget reconciliation bill was enacted into law (P.L. 109-171), increasing mandatory child care funding by $1 billion over five years (for a total of $2.917 billion for each of FY2006-FY2010). The authorization and pre-appropriations for mandatory child care funding were set to expire at the end of FY2010, but a series of six short-term extensions maintained mandatory child care funding at the same level ($2.917 billion) for FY2011 and FY2012. For FY2013, mandatory child care funding has been extended through March 27, 2013, by a special provision included in the FY2013 CR (P.L. 112-175). .
Date of Report: December 7, 2012
Number of Pages: 41
Order Number: RL30785
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